dmd.func

Defines a function declaration.

Includes:

  • function/delegate literals
  • function aliases
  • (static/shared) constructors/destructors/post-blits
  • invariant
  • unittest

Authors

Walter Bright

Source: func.d

  • ILS

    Declaration

    enum ILS: ubyte;

    Inline Status

    • Declaration

      uninitialized

      not computed yet

    • no

      Declaration

      no

      cannot inline

    • yes

      Declaration

      yes

      can inline

  • Declaration

    struct Ensure;

    Tuple of result identifier (possibly null) and statement. This is used to store out contracts: out(id){ ensure }

    • Declaration

      static Ensures* arraySyntaxCopy(Ensures* a);

      Do syntax copy of an array of Ensure's.

  • Declaration

    class FuncDeclaration: dmd.declaration.Declaration;

    • Declaration

      Statements* frequires;

      in contracts

    • Declaration

      Ensures* fensures;

      out contracts

    • Declaration

      Statement frequire;

      lowered in contract

    • Declaration

      Statement fensure;

      lowered out contract

    • Declaration

      Statement fbody;

      function body

    • Declaration

      FuncDeclarations foverrides;

      functions this function overrides

    • Declaration

      FuncDeclaration fdrequire;

      function that does the in contract

    • Declaration

      FuncDeclaration fdensure;

      function that does the out contract

    • Declaration

      Expressions* fdrequireParams;

      argument list for __require

    • Declaration

      Expressions* fdensureParams;

      argument list for __ensure

    • Declaration

      const(char)* mangleString;

      mangled symbol created from mangleExact()

    • Declaration

      VarDeclaration vresult;

      result variable for out contracts

    • Declaration

      LabelDsymbol returnLabel;

      where the return goes

    • Declaration

      VarDeclaration vthis;

      'this' parameter (member and nested)

    • Declaration

      bool isThis2;

      has a dual-context 'this' parameter

    • Declaration

      VarDeclaration v_arguments;

      'arguments' parameter

    • Declaration

      VarDeclaration v_argptr;

      'argptr' variable

    • Declaration

      VarDeclarations* parameters;

      Array of VarDeclaration's for parameters

    • Declaration

      DsymbolTable labtab;

      statement label symbol table

    • Declaration

      Dsymbol overnext;

      next in overload list

    • Declaration

      FuncDeclaration overnext0;

      next in overload list (only used during IFTI)

    • Declaration

      Loc endloc;

      location of closing curly bracket

    • Declaration

      int vtblIndex;

      for member functions, index into vtbl[]

    • Declaration

      bool naked;

      true if naked

    • Declaration

      bool generated;

      true if function was generated by the compiler rather than

    • Declaration

      bool hasAlwaysInlines;

      supplied by the user

      Discussion

      contains references to functions that must be inlined

    • Declaration

      ubyte isCrtCtorDtor;

      has attribute pragma(crt_constructor(1)/crt_destructor(2))

    • Declaration

      ILS inlineStatusStmt;

      not set before the glue layer

    • Declaration

      int inlineNest;

      !=0 if nested inline

    • Declaration

      bool eh_none;

      true if no exception unwinding is needed

    • Declaration

      bool semantic3Errors;

      true if errors in semantic3 this function's frame ptr

    • fes

      Declaration

      ForeachStatement fes;

      if foreach body, this is the foreach

    • Declaration

      BaseClass* interfaceVirtual;

      if virtual, but only appears in base interface vtbl[]

    • Declaration

      bool introducing;

      true if 'introducing' function

    • Declaration

      Type tintro;

      if !=NULL, then this is the type of the 'introducing' function this one is overriding

    • Declaration

      bool inferRetType;

      true if return type is to be inferred

    • Declaration

      StorageClass storage_class2;

      storage class for template onemember's

    • Declaration

      int hasReturnExp;

      1 if there's a return exp; statement 2 if there's a throw statement 4 if there's an assert(0) 8 if there's inline asm 16 if there are multiple return statements

    • Declaration

      bool nrvo_can;

      true means we can do NRVO

    • Declaration

      VarDeclaration nrvo_var;

      variable to replace with shidden

    • Declaration

      Symbol* shidden;

      hidden pointer passed to function

    • Declaration

      GotoStatements* gotos;

      Gotos with forward references

    • Declaration

      BUILTIN builtin;

      set if this is a known, builtin function we can evaluate at compile time

    • Declaration

      int tookAddressOf;

      set if someone took the address of this function

    • Declaration

      VarDeclarations closureVars;

      local variables in this function which are referenced by nested functions (They'll get put into the "closure" for this function.)

    • Declaration

      VarDeclarations outerVars;

      Outer variables which are referenced by this nested function (the inverse of closureVars)

    • Declaration

      FuncDeclarations siblingCallers;

      Sibling nested functions which called this one

    • Declaration

      uint flags;

      FUNCFLAG.xxxxx

    • Declaration

      ObjcFuncDeclaration objc;

      Data for a function declaration that is needed for the Objective-C integration.

    • Declaration

      final bool functionSemantic();

      Resolve forward reference of function signature - parameter types, return type, and attributes.

      Return Value

      false if any errors exist in the signature.

    • Declaration

      final bool functionSemantic3();

      Resolve forward reference of function body. Returns false if any errors exist in the body.

    • Declaration

      final bool checkForwardRef(ref const Loc loc);

      Check that this function type is properly resolved. If not, report "forward reference error" and return true.

    • Declaration

      final void declareThis(Scope* sc);

      Creates and returns the hidden parameters for this function declaration.

      Discussion

      Hidden parameters include the this parameter of a class, struct or nested function and the selector parameter for Objective-C methods.

    • Declaration

      final int overrides(FuncDeclaration fd);

      Determine if 'this' overrides fd. Return !=0 if it does.

    • Declaration

      final int findVtblIndex(Dsymbols* vtbl, int dim);

      Find index of function in vtbl[0..dim] that this function overrides. Prefer an exact match to a covariant one.

      Parameters

      Dsymbols* vtbl

      vtable to use

      int dim

      maximal vtable dimension

      Return Value

      -1 didn't find one -2 can't determine because of forward references

    • Declaration

      final BaseClass* overrideInterface();

      If function a function in a base class, return that base class.

      Return Value

      base class if overriding, null if not

    • Declaration

      bool overloadInsert(Dsymbol s);

      Overload this FuncDeclaration with the new one f. Return true if successful; i.e. no conflict.

    • Declaration

      final FuncDeclaration overloadExactMatch(Type t);

      Find function in overload list that exactly matches t.

    • Declaration

      final FuncDeclaration overloadModMatch(ref const Loc loc, Type tthis, ref bool hasOverloads);

      Find function in overload list that matches to the 'this' modifier. There's four result types.

      Discussion

      1. If the 'tthis' matches only one candidate, it's an "exact match". Returns the function and 'hasOverloads' is set to false. eg. If 'tthis" is mutable and there's only one mutable method.
      2. If there's two or more match candidates, but a candidate function will be a "better match". Returns the better match function but 'hasOverloads' is set to true. eg. If 'tthis' is mutable, and there's both mutable and const methods, the mutable method will be a better match.
      3. If there's two or more match candidates, but there's no better match, Returns null and 'hasOverloads' is set to true to represent "ambiguous match". eg. If 'tthis' is mutable, and there's two or more mutable methods.
      4. If there's no candidates, it's "no match" and returns null with error report. e.g. If 'tthis' is const but there's no const methods.

    • Declaration

      final TemplateDeclaration findTemplateDeclRoot();

      find function template root in overload list

    • Declaration

      final bool inUnittest();

      Returns true if function was declared directly or indirectly in a unittest block

    • Declaration

      final MATCH leastAsSpecialized(FuncDeclaration g);

      Determine partial specialization order of 'this' vs g. This is very similar to TemplateDeclaration::leastAsSpecialized().

      Return Value

      match 'this' is at least as specialized as g 0 g is more specialized than 'this'

    • Declaration

      final LabelDsymbol searchLabel(Identifier ident);

      Labels are in a separate scope, one per function.

    • Declaration

      final int getLevel(FuncDeclaration fd, int intypeof);

      Determine lexical level difference from this to nested function fd.

      Parameters

      FuncDeclaration fd

      target of call

      int intypeof

      !=0 if inside typeof

      Return Value

      0 same level

      0 decrease nesting by number -1 increase nesting by 1 (fd is nested within this) LevelError error, this cannot call fd

    • Declaration

      final int getLevelAndCheck(ref const Loc loc, Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration fd, Declaration decl);

      Determine lexical level difference from this to nested function fd. Issue error if this cannot call fd.

      Parameters

      Loc loc

      location for error messages

      Scope* sc

      context

      FuncDeclaration fd

      target of call

      Declaration decl

      The Declaration that triggered this check. Used to provide a better error message only.

      Return Value

      0 same level

      0 decrease nesting by number -1 increase nesting by 1 (fd is nested within 'this') LevelError error

    • Declaration

      final const(char)* toFullSignature();

      for diagnostics, e.g. 'int foo(int x, int y) pure'

    • Declaration

      final bool isAbstract();

      Override so it can work even if semantic() hasn't yet been run.

    • Declaration

      final bool canInferAttributes(Scope* sc);

      Decide if attributes for this function can be inferred from examining the function body.

      Return Value

      true if can

    • Declaration

      final void initInferAttributes();

      Initialize for inferring the attributes of this function.

    • Declaration

      final bool setImpure();

      The function is doing something impure, so mark it as impure. If there's a purity error, return true.

    • Declaration

      final bool setUnsafe();

      The function is doing something unsafe, so mark it as unsafe. If there's a safe error, return true.

    • Declaration

      final bool setGC();

      The function is doing something that may allocate with the GC, so mark it as not nogc (not no-how).

      Return Value

      true if function is marked as @nogc, meaning a user error occurred

    • Declaration

      final bool isReturnIsolated();

      See if pointers from function parameters, mutable globals, or uplevel functions could leak into return value.

      Return Value

      true if the function return value is isolated from any inputs to the function

    • Declaration

      final bool isTypeIsolated(Type t);
      final bool isTypeIsolated(Type t, ref StringTable!Type parentTypes);

      See if pointers from function parameters, mutable globals, or uplevel functions could leak into type t.

      Parameters

      Type t

      type to check if it is isolated

      Return Value

      true if t is isolated from any inputs to the function

    • Declaration

      const bool isNested();

      Determine if function needs a static frame pointer.

      Return Value

      true if function is really nested within other function.

      Contracts: If isNested() returns true, isThis() should return false, unless the function needs a dual-context pointer.

    • Declaration

      inout inout(AggregateDeclaration) isThis();

      Determine if function is a non-static member function that has an implicit 'this' expression.

      Return Value

      The aggregate it is a member of, or null.

      Contracts: Both isThis() and isNested() should return true if function needs a dual-context pointer, otherwise if isThis() returns true, isNested() should return false.

    • Declaration

      final const bool isUnique();

      Return Value

      true if there are no overloads of this function

    • Declaration

      final bool checkNestedReference(Scope* sc, ref const Loc loc);

      In the current function, we are calling 'this' function.

      1. Check to see if the current function can call 'this' function, issue error if not.
      2. If the current function is not the parent of 'this' function, then add the current function to the list of siblings of 'this' function.
      3. If the current function is a literal, and it's accessing an uplevel scope, then mark it as a delegate.
      Returns true if error occurs.

    • Declaration

      final bool needsClosure();

      Look at all the variables in this function that are referenced by nested functions, and determine if a closure needs to be created for them.

    • Declaration

      final bool checkClosure();

      Check that the function contains any closure. If it's @nogc, report suitable errors. This is mostly consistent with FuncDeclaration::needsClosure().

      Return Value

      true if any errors occur.

    • Declaration

      final bool hasNestedFrameRefs();

      Determine if function's variables are referenced by a function nested within it.

    • Declaration

      final void buildResultVar(Scope* sc, Type tret);

      Declare result variable lazily.

    • Declaration

      final Statement mergeFrequire(Statement sf, Expressions* params);

      Merge into this function the 'in' contracts of all it overrides. 'in's are OR'd together, i.e. only one of them needs to pass.

    • Declaration

      final Statement mergeFrequireInclusivePreview(Statement sf, Expressions* params);

      Merge into this function the 'in' contracts of all it overrides.

    • Declaration

      static bool needsFensure(FuncDeclaration fd);

      Determine whether an 'out' contract is declared inside the given function or any of its overrides.

      Parameters

      FuncDeclaration fd

      the function to search

      Return Value

      true found an 'out' contract

    • Declaration

      final void buildEnsureRequire();

      Rewrite contracts as statements.

    • Declaration

      final Statement mergeFensure(Statement sf, Identifier oid, Expressions* params);

      Merge into this function the 'out' contracts of all it overrides. 'out's are AND'd together, i.e. all of them need to pass.

    • Declaration

      final ParameterList getParameterList();

      Return Value

      the function's parameter list, and whether it is variadic or not.

    • Declaration

      static FuncDeclaration genCfunc(Parameters* fparams, Type treturn, const(char)* name, StorageClass stc = 0);

      Generate a FuncDeclaration for a runtime library function.

    • Declaration

      final void checkDmain();

      Check parameters and return type of D main() function. Issue error messages.

    • Declaration

      final bool checkNRVO();

      Check all return statements for a function to verify that returning using NRVO is possible.

      Return Value

      false if the result cannot be returned by hidden reference.

  • Declaration

    Expression addInvariant(AggregateDeclaration ad, VarDeclaration vthis);

    Generate Expression to call the invariant.

    Input: ad aggregate with the invariant vthis variable with 'this'

    Return Value

    void expression that calls the invariant

  • Declaration

    int overloadApply(Dsymbol fstart, scope int delegate(Dsymbol) dg, Scope* sc = null);

    Visit each overloaded function/template in turn, and call dg(s) on it. Exit when no more, or dg(s) returns nonzero.

    Parameters

    Dsymbol fstart

    symbol to start from

    int delegate(Dsymbol) dg

    the delegate to be called on the overload

    Scope* sc

    context used to check if symbol is accessible (and therefore visible), can be null

    Return Value

    ==0 continue !=0 done (and the return value from the last dg() call)

  • Declaration

    auto MODMatchToBuffer(OutBuffer* buf, ubyte lhsMod, ubyte rhsMod);

    Checks for mismatching modifiers between lhsMod and rhsMod and prints the mismatching modifiers to buf.

    Discussion

    The modifiers of the lhsMod mismatching the ones with the rhsMod are printed, i.e. lhs(shared) vs. rhs() prints "shared", wheras lhs() vs rhs(shared) prints "non-shared".

    Parameters

    OutBuffer* buf

    output buffer to write to

    ubyte lhsMod

    modifier on the left-hand side

    ubyte lhsMod

    modifier on the right-hand side

    Return Value

    A tuple with isMutable and isNotShared set if the lhsMod is missing those modifiers (compared to rhs).

    Examples

    1. OutBuffer buf; auto mismatches = MODMatchToBuffer(&buf, MODFlags.shared_, 0); assert(buf[] == "`shared` "); assert(!mismatches.isNotShared); buf.setsize(0); mismatches = MODMatchToBuffer(&buf, 0, MODFlags.shared_); assert(buf[] == "non-shared "); assert(mismatches.isNotShared); buf.setsize(0); mismatches = MODMatchToBuffer(&buf, MODFlags.const_, 0); assert(buf[] == "`const` "); assert(!mismatches.isMutable); buf.setsize(0); mismatches = MODMatchToBuffer(&buf, 0, MODFlags.const_); assert(buf[] == "mutable "); assert(mismatches.isMutable);

  • Declaration

    enum FuncResolveFlag: ubyte;

    Flag used by .

    • Declaration

      standard

      issue error messages, solve the call.

    • Declaration

      quiet

      do not issue error message on no match, just return null.

    • Declaration

      overloadOnly

      only resolve overloads, i.e. do not issue error on ambiguous

  • Declaration

    FuncDeclaration resolveFuncCall(ref const Loc loc, Scope* sc, Dsymbol s, Objects* tiargs, Type tthis, Expressions* fargs, FuncResolveFlag flags);

    Given a symbol that could be either a FuncDeclaration or a function template, resolve it to a function symbol.

    Parameters

    Loc loc

    instantiation location

    Scope* sc

    instantiation scope

    Dsymbol s

    instantiation symbol

    Objects* tiargs

    initial list of template arguments

    Type tthis

    if !NULL, the this argument type

    Expressions* fargs

    arguments to function

    FuncResolveFlag flags

    see .

    Return Value

    if match is found, then function symbol, else null

  • Declaration

    Type getIndirection(Type t);

    Returns an indirect type one step from t.

  • Declaration

    class FuncAliasDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

    Used as a way to import a set of functions from another scope into this one.

  • Declaration

    class FuncLiteralDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

    • Declaration

      void modifyReturns(Scope* sc, Type tret);

      Modify all expression type of return statements to tret.

      Discussion

      On function literals, return type may be modified based on the context type after its semantic3 is done, in FuncExp::implicitCastTo.

      A function() dg = (){ return new B(); } // OK if is(B : A) == true

      If B to A conversion is convariant that requires offseet adjusting, all return statements should be adjusted to return expressions typed A.

  • Declaration

    class CtorDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class PostBlitDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class DtorDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class StaticCtorDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class SharedStaticCtorDeclaration: dmd.func.StaticCtorDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class StaticDtorDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class SharedStaticDtorDeclaration: dmd.func.StaticDtorDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class InvariantDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class UnitTestDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;

  • Declaration

    class NewDeclaration: dmd.func.FuncDeclaration;