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Function std.algorithm.sorting.sort

Sorts a random-access range according to the predicate less.

SortedRange!(Range,less) sort(alias less, SwapStrategy ss = SwapStrategy.unstable, Range) (
  Range r
)
if ((ss == SwapStrategy.unstable && (hasSwappableElements!Range || hasAssignableElements!Range) || ss != SwapStrategy.unstable && hasAssignableElements!Range) && isRandomAccessRange!Range && hasSlicing!Range && hasLength!Range);

Performs Ο(r.length * log(r.length)) evaluations of less. If less involves expensive computations on the sort key, it may be worthwhile to use schwartzSort instead.

Stable sorting requires hasAssignableElements!Range to be true.

sort returns a std.range.SortedRange over the original range, allowing functions that can take advantage of sorted data to know that the range is sorted and adjust accordingly. The std.range.SortedRange is a wrapper around the original range, so both it and the original range are sorted. Other functions can't know that the original range has been sorted, but they can know that std.range.SortedRange has been sorted.

Preconditions

The predicate is expected to satisfy certain rules in order for sort to behave as expected - otherwise, the program may fail on certain inputs (but not others) when not compiled in release mode, due to the cursory assumeSorted check. Specifically, sort expects less(a,b) && less(b,c) to imply less(a,c) (transitivity), and, conversely, !less(a,b) && !less(b,c) to imply !less(a,c). Note that the default predicate ("a < b") does not always satisfy these conditions for floating point types, because the expression will always be false when either a or b is NaN. Use std.math.cmp instead.

Parameters

NameDescription
less The predicate to sort by.
ss The swapping strategy to use.
r The range to sort.

Returns

The initial range wrapped as a SortedRange with the predicate binaryFun!less.

Algorithms

Introsort is used for unstable sorting and Timsort is used for stable sorting. Each algorithm has benefits beyond stability. Introsort is generally faster but Timsort may achieve greater speeds on data with low entropy or if predicate calls are expensive. Introsort performs no allocations whereas Timsort will perform one or more allocations per call. Both algorithms have Ο(n log n) worst-case time complexity.

See Also

std.range.assumeSorted
std.range.SortedRange
SwapStrategy
binaryFun

Example

int[] array = [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ];

// sort in descending order
array.sort!("a > b");
writeln(array); // [4, 3, 2, 1]

// sort in ascending order
array.sort();
writeln(array); // [1, 2, 3, 4]

// sort with reusable comparator and chain
alias myComp = (x, y) => x > y;
writeln(array.sort!(myComp).release); // [4, 3, 2, 1]

Example

// Showcase stable sorting
import std.algorithm.mutation : SwapStrategy;
string[] words = [ "aBc", "a", "abc", "b", "ABC", "c" ];
sort!("toUpper(a) < toUpper(b)", SwapStrategy.stable)(words);
writeln(words); // ["a", "aBc", "abc", "ABC", "b", "c"]

Example

// Sorting floating-point numbers in presence of NaN
double[] numbers = [-0.0, 3.0, -2.0, double.nan, 0.0, -double.nan];

import std.algorithm.comparison : equal;
import std.math.operations : cmp;
import std.math.traits : isIdentical;

sort!((a, b) => cmp(a, b) < 0)(numbers);

double[] sorted = [-double.nan, -2.0, -0.0, 0.0, 3.0, double.nan];
assert(numbers.equal!isIdentical(sorted));

Authors

Andrei Alexandrescu

License

Boost License 1.0.