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D Grammar
Lexical Syntax
Refer to the page for lexical syntax.
Type
Type: TypeCtorsopt BasicType BasicType2opt TypeCtors: TypeCtor TypeCtor TypeCtors TypeCtor: const immutable inout shared BasicType: BasicTypeX . IdentifierList IdentifierList Typeof Typeof . IdentifierList TypeCtor ( Type ) TypeVector BasicTypeX: bool byte ubyte short ushort int uint long ulong char wchar dchar float double real ifloat idouble ireal cfloat cdouble creal void BasicType2: BasicType2X BasicType2opt BasicType2X: * [ ] [ AssignExpression ] [ AssignExpression .. AssignExpression ] [ Type ] delegate Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt function Parameters FunctionAttributesopt IdentifierList: Identifier Identifier . IdentifierList TemplateInstance TemplateInstance . IdentifierList Identifier [ AssignExpression ]. IdentifierList Typeof: typeof ( Expression ) typeof ( return ) TypeVector: __vector ( Type )
Expression
Expression: CommaExpression CommaExpression: AssignExpression AssignExpression , CommaExpression
AssignExpression: ConditionalExpression ConditionalExpression = AssignExpression ConditionalExpression += AssignExpression ConditionalExpression -= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression *= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression /= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression %= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression &= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression |= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression ^= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression ~= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression <<= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression >>= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression >>>= AssignExpression ConditionalExpression ^^= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression: OrOrExpression OrOrExpression ? Expression : ConditionalExpression
OrOrExpression: AndAndExpression OrOrExpression || AndAndExpression
AndAndExpression: OrExpression AndAndExpression && OrExpression CmpExpression AndAndExpression && CmpExpression
OrExpression: XorExpression OrExpression | XorExpression
XorExpression: AndExpression XorExpression ^ AndExpression
AndExpression: ShiftExpression AndExpression & ShiftExpression
CmpExpression: ShiftExpression EqualExpression IdentityExpression RelExpression InExpression
EqualExpression: ShiftExpression == ShiftExpression ShiftExpression != ShiftExpression
IdentityExpression: ShiftExpression is ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !is ShiftExpression
RelExpression: ShiftExpression < ShiftExpression ShiftExpression <= ShiftExpression ShiftExpression > ShiftExpression ShiftExpression >= ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !<>= ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !<> ShiftExpression ShiftExpression <> ShiftExpression ShiftExpression <>= ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !> ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !>= ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !< ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !<= ShiftExpression
InExpression: ShiftExpression in ShiftExpression ShiftExpression !in ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression: AddExpression ShiftExpression << AddExpression ShiftExpression >> AddExpression ShiftExpression >>> AddExpression
AddExpression: MulExpression AddExpression + MulExpression AddExpression - MulExpression CatExpression
CatExpression: AddExpression ~ MulExpression
MulExpression: UnaryExpression MulExpression * UnaryExpression MulExpression / UnaryExpression MulExpression % UnaryExpression
UnaryExpression: & UnaryExpression ++ UnaryExpression -- UnaryExpression * UnaryExpression - UnaryExpression + UnaryExpression ! UnaryExpression ComplementExpression ( Type ) . Identifier ( Type ) . TemplateInstance DeleteExpression CastExpression PowExpression
ComplementExpression: ~ UnaryExpression
NewExpression: new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type NewExpressionWithArgs NewExpressionWithArgs: new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type [ AssignExpression ] new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type ( ArgumentListopt ) NewAnonClassExpression AllocatorArguments: ( ArgumentListopt ) ArgumentList: AssignExpression AssignExpression , AssignExpression , ArgumentList
NewAnonClassExpression: new AllocatorArgumentsopt class ClassArgumentsopt SuperClassopt Interfacesopt AggregateBody ClassArguments: ( ArgumentListopt )
DeleteExpression: delete UnaryExpression
CastExpression: cast ( Type ) UnaryExpression cast ( TypeCtorsopt ) UnaryExpression
PowExpression: PostfixExpression PostfixExpression ^^ UnaryExpression
PostfixExpression: PrimaryExpression PostfixExpression . Identifier PostfixExpression . TemplateInstance PostfixExpression . NewExpression PostfixExpression ++ PostfixExpression -- PostfixExpression ( ArgumentListopt ) TypeCtorsopt BasicType ( ArgumentListopt ) IndexExpression SliceExpression
IndexExpression: PostfixExpression [ ArgumentList ]
SliceExpression: PostfixExpression [ ] PostfixExpression [ AssignExpression .. AssignExpression ]
PrimaryExpression: Identifier . Identifier TemplateInstance . TemplateInstance this super null true false $ IntegerLiteral FloatLiteral CharacterLiteral StringLiterals ArrayLiteral AssocArrayLiteral FunctionLiteral AssertExpression MixinExpression ImportExpression NewExpressionWithArgs BasicTypeX . Identifier Typeof TypeidExpression IsExpression ( Expression ) TraitsExpression SpecialKeyword
StringLiterals: StringLiteral StringLiterals StringLiteral
ArrayLiteral: [ ArgumentListopt ]
AssocArrayLiteral: [ KeyValuePairs ] KeyValuePairs: KeyValuePair KeyValuePair , KeyValuePairs KeyValuePair: KeyExpression : ValueExpression KeyExpression: AssignExpression ValueExpression: AssignExpression
FunctionLiteral: function Typeopt ParameterAttributes opt FunctionLiteralBody delegate Typeopt ParameterAttributes opt FunctionLiteralBody ParameterAttributes FunctionLiteralBody FunctionLiteralBody Lambda
ParameterAttributes: Parameters Parameters FunctionAttributes FunctionLiteralBody: BlockStatement FunctionContractsopt BodyStatement Lambda: function Typeopt ParameterAttributes => AssignExpression delegate Typeopt ParameterAttributes => AssignExpression ParameterAttributes => AssignExpression Identifier => AssignExpression
AssertExpression: assert ( AssignExpression ) assert ( AssignExpression , AssignExpression )
MixinExpression: mixin ( AssignExpression )
ImportExpression: import ( AssignExpression )
TypeidExpression: typeid ( Type ) typeid ( Expression )
IsExpression: is ( Type ) is ( Type : TypeSpecialization ) is ( Type == TypeSpecialization ) is ( Type : TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList ) is ( Type == TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList ) is ( Type Identifier ) is ( Type Identifier : TypeSpecialization ) is ( Type Identifier == TypeSpecialization ) is ( Type Identifier : TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList ) is ( Type Identifier == TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList ) TypeSpecialization: Type struct union class interface enum function delegate super const immutable inout shared return __parameters
TraitsExpression: __traits ( TraitsKeyword , TraitsArguments ) TraitsKeyword: isAbstractClass isArithmetic isAssociativeArray isFinalClass isPOD isNested isFloating isIntegral isScalar isStaticArray isUnsigned isVirtualFunction isVirtualMethod isAbstractFunction isFinalFunction isStaticFunction isOverrideFunction isRef isOut isLazy hasMember identifier getAliasThis getAttributes getFunctionAttributes getMember getOverloads getPointerBitmap getProtection getVirtualFunctions getVirtualMethods getUnitTests parent classInstanceSize getVirtualIndex allMembers derivedMembers isSame compiles TraitsArguments: TraitsArgument TraitsArgument , TraitsArguments TraitsArgument: AssignExpression Type
SpecialKeyword: __FILE__ __MODULE__ __LINE__ __FUNCTION__ __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
Statement
Statement: ; NonEmptyStatement ScopeBlockStatement NoScopeNonEmptyStatement: NonEmptyStatement BlockStatement NoScopeStatement: ; NonEmptyStatement BlockStatement NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement: NonEmptyStatement ScopeBlockStatement NonEmptyStatement: NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault CaseStatement CaseRangeStatement DefaultStatement NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault: LabeledStatement ExpressionStatement DeclarationStatement IfStatement WhileStatement DoStatement ForStatement ForeachStatement SwitchStatement FinalSwitchStatement ContinueStatement BreakStatement ReturnStatement GotoStatement WithStatement SynchronizedStatement TryStatement ScopeGuardStatement ThrowStatement AsmStatement PragmaStatement MixinStatement ForeachRangeStatement ConditionalStatement StaticAssert TemplateMixin ImportDeclaration
ScopeStatement: NonEmptyStatement BlockStatement
ScopeBlockStatement: BlockStatement
LabeledStatement: Identifier : Identifier : NoScopeStatement Identifier : Statement
BlockStatement: { } { StatementList } StatementList: Statement Statement StatementList
ExpressionStatement: Expression ;
DeclarationStatement: StorageClassesopt Declaration
IfStatement: if ( IfCondition ) ThenStatement if ( IfCondition ) ThenStatement else ElseStatement IfCondition: Expression auto Identifier = Expression TypeCtors Identifier = Expression TypeCtorsopt BasicType Declarator = Expression ThenStatement: ScopeStatement ElseStatement: ScopeStatement
WhileStatement: while ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
DoStatement: do ScopeStatement while ( Expression ) ;
ForStatement: for ( Initialize Testopt ; Incrementopt ) ScopeStatement Initialize: ; NoScopeNonEmptyStatement Test: Expression Increment: Expression
ForeachStatement: Foreach ( ForeachTypeList ; ForeachAggregate ) NoScopeNonEmptyStatement Foreach: foreach foreach_reverse ForeachTypeList: ForeachType ForeachType , ForeachTypeList ForeachType: ForeachTypeAttributesopt BasicType Declarator ForeachTypeAttributesopt Identifier ForeachTypeAttributes ForeachTypeAttribute ForeachTypeAttribute ForeachTypeAttributesopt ForeachTypeAttribute: ref TypeCtor ForeachAggregate: Expression
ForeachRangeStatement: Foreach ( ForeachType ; LwrExpression .. UprExpression ) ScopeStatement LwrExpression: Expression UprExpression: Expression
SwitchStatement: switch ( Expression ) ScopeStatement CaseStatement: case ArgumentList : ScopeStatementList CaseRangeStatement: case FirstExp : .. case LastExp : ScopeStatementList FirstExp: AssignExpression LastExp: AssignExpression DefaultStatement: default : ScopeStatementList ScopeStatementList: StatementListNoCaseNoDefault StatementListNoCaseNoDefault: StatementNoCaseNoDefault StatementNoCaseNoDefault StatementListNoCaseNoDefault StatementNoCaseNoDefault: ; NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault ScopeBlockStatement
FinalSwitchStatement: final switch ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
ContinueStatement: continue Identifieropt ;
BreakStatement: break Identifieropt ;
ReturnStatement: return Expressionopt ;
GotoStatement: goto Identifier ; goto default ; goto case ; goto case Expression ;
WithStatement: with ( Expression ) ScopeStatement with ( Symbol ) ScopeStatement with ( TemplateInstance ) ScopeStatement
SynchronizedStatement: synchronized ScopeStatement synchronized ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
TryStatement: try ScopeStatement Catches try ScopeStatement Catches FinallyStatement try ScopeStatement FinallyStatement Catches: LastCatch Catch Catch Catches LastCatch: catch NoScopeNonEmptyStatement Catch: catch ( CatchParameter ) NoScopeNonEmptyStatement CatchParameter: BasicType Identifier FinallyStatement: finally NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
ThrowStatement: throw Expression ;
ScopeGuardStatement: scope(exit) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement scope(success) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement scope(failure) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement
AsmStatement: asm FunctionAttributesopt { AsmInstructionListopt } AsmInstructionList: AsmInstruction ; AsmInstruction ; AsmInstructionList
PragmaStatement: Pragma NoScopeStatement
MixinStatement: mixin ( AssignExpression ) ;
Iasm
AsmInstruction: Identifier : AsmInstruction align IntegerExpression even naked db Operands ds Operands di Operands dl Operands df Operands dd Operands de Operands Opcode Opcode Operands Operands: Operand Operand , Operands
IntegerExpression: IntegerLiteral Identifier
Register: AL AH AX EAX BL BH BX EBX CL CH CX ECX DL DH DX EDX BP EBP SP ESP DI EDI SI ESI ES CS SS DS GS FS CR0 CR2 CR3 CR4 DR0 DR1 DR2 DR3 DR6 DR7 TR3 TR4 TR5 TR6 TR7 ST ST(0) ST(1) ST(2) ST(3) ST(4) ST(5) ST(6) ST(7) MM0 MM1 MM2 MM3 MM4 MM5 MM6 MM7 XMM0 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMM5 XMM6 XMM7
Register64: RAX RBX RCX RDX BPL RBP SPL RSP DIL RDI SIL RSI R8B R8W R8D R8 R9B R9W R9D R9 R10B R10W R10D R10 R11B R11W R11D R11 R12B R12W R12D R12 R13B R13W R13D R13 R14B R14W R14D R14 R15B R15W R15D R15 XMM8 XMM9 XMM10 XMM11 XMM12 XMM13 XMM14 XMM15 YMM0 YMM1 YMM2 YMM3 YMM4 YMM5 YMM6 YMM7 YMM8 YMM9 YMM10 YMM11 YMM12 YMM13 YMM14 YMM15
Operand: AsmExp AsmExp: AsmLogOrExp AsmLogOrExp ? AsmExp : AsmExp AsmLogOrExp: AsmLogAndExp AsmLogAndExp || AsmLogAndExp AsmLogAndExp: AsmOrExp AsmOrExp && AsmOrExp AsmOrExp: AsmXorExp AsmXorExp | AsmXorExp AsmXorExp: AsmAndExp AsmAndExp ^ AsmAndExp AsmAndExp: AsmEqualExp AsmEqualExp & AsmEqualExp AsmEqualExp: AsmRelExp AsmRelExp == AsmRelExp AsmRelExp != AsmRelExp AsmRelExp: AsmShiftExp AsmShiftExp < AsmShiftExp AsmShiftExp <= AsmShiftExp AsmShiftExp > AsmShiftExp AsmShiftExp >= AsmShiftExp AsmShiftExp: AsmAddExp AsmAddExp << AsmAddExp AsmAddExp >> AsmAddExp AsmAddExp >>> AsmAddExp AsmAddExp: AsmMulExp AsmMulExp + AsmMulExp AsmMulExp - AsmMulExp AsmMulExp: AsmBrExp AsmBrExp * AsmBrExp AsmBrExp / AsmBrExp AsmBrExp % AsmBrExp AsmBrExp: AsmUnaExp AsmBrExp [ AsmExp ] AsmUnaExp: AsmTypePrefix AsmExp offsetof AsmExp seg AsmExp + AsmUnaExp - AsmUnaExp ! AsmUnaExp ~ AsmUnaExp AsmPrimaryExp AsmPrimaryExp: IntegerLiteral FloatLiteral __LOCAL_SIZE $ Register Register : AsmExp Register64 Register64 : AsmExp DotIdentifier this DotIdentifier: Identifier Identifier . DotIdentifier
AsmTypePrefix: near ptr far ptr byte ptr short ptr int ptr word ptr dword ptr qword ptr float ptr double ptr real ptr
Declaration
Declaration: FuncDeclaration VarDeclarations AliasDeclaration AggregateDeclaration EnumDeclaration ImportDeclaration
AliasDeclaration: alias StorageClassesopt BasicType Declarator ; alias StorageClassesopt BasicType FuncDeclarator ; alias AliasDeclarationX ; AliasDeclarationX: Identifier TemplateParametersopt = StorageClassesopt Type AliasDeclarationX , Identifier TemplateParametersopt = StorageClassesopt Type
AutoDeclaration: StorageClasses AutoDeclarationX ; AutoDeclarationX: Identifier TemplateParametersopt = Initializer AutoDeclarationX , Identifier TemplateParametersopt = Initializer
VarDeclarations: StorageClassesopt BasicType Declarators ; AutoDeclaration Declarators: DeclaratorInitializer DeclaratorInitializer , DeclaratorIdentifierList DeclaratorInitializer: VarDeclarator VarDeclarator TemplateParametersopt = Initializer AltDeclarator AltDeclarator = Initializer DeclaratorIdentifierList: DeclaratorIdentifier DeclaratorIdentifier , DeclaratorIdentifierList DeclaratorIdentifier: VarDeclaratorIdentifier AltDeclaratorIdentifier VarDeclaratorIdentifier: Identifier Identifier TemplateParametersopt = Initializer AltDeclaratorIdentifier: BasicType2 Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixesopt BasicType2 Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixesopt = Initializer BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes = Initializer Declarator: VarDeclarator AltDeclarator VarDeclarator: BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclarator: BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX ) BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX ) AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX ) AltDeclaratorSuffixes AltDeclaratorX: BasicType2opt Identifier BasicType2opt Identifier AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix AltDeclarator AltDeclaratorSuffixes: AltDeclaratorSuffix AltDeclaratorSuffix AltDeclaratorSuffixes AltDeclaratorSuffix: [ ] [ AssignExpression ] [ Type ] AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix: Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
StorageClasses: StorageClass StorageClass StorageClasses StorageClass: LinkageAttribute AlignAttribute deprecated enum static extern abstract final override synchronized auto scope const immutable inout shared __gshared Property nothrow pure ref
Initializer: VoidInitializer NonVoidInitializer VoidInitializer: void NonVoidInitializer: ExpInitializer: ArrayInitializer StructInitializer ExpInitializer: AssignExpression ArrayInitializer: [ ArrayMemberInitializationsopt ] ArrayMemberInitializations: ArrayMemberInitialization ArrayMemberInitialization , ArrayMemberInitialization , ArrayMemberInitializations ArrayMemberInitialization: NonVoidInitializer AssignExpression : NonVoidInitializer StructInitializer: { StructMemberInitializersopt } StructMemberInitializers: StructMemberInitializer StructMemberInitializer , StructMemberInitializer , StructMemberInitializers StructMemberInitializer: NonVoidInitializer Identifier : NonVoidInitializer
Function
FuncDeclaration: StorageClassesopt BasicType FuncDeclarator FunctionBody AutoFuncDeclaration AutoFuncDeclaration: StorageClasses Identifier FuncDeclaratorSuffix FunctionBody FuncDeclarator: BasicType2opt Identifier FuncDeclaratorSuffix FuncDeclaratorSuffix: Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt
Parameters: ( ParameterListopt ) ParameterList: Parameter Parameter , ParameterList ... Parameter: InOutopt BasicType Declarator InOutopt BasicType Declarator ... InOutopt BasicType Declarator = AssignExpression InOutopt Type InOutopt Type ... InOut: InOutX InOut InOutX InOutX: auto TypeCtor final in lazy out ref scope FunctionAttributes: FunctionAttribute FunctionAttribute FunctionAttributes FunctionAttribute: nothrow pure Property MemberFunctionAttributes: MemberFunctionAttribute MemberFunctionAttribute MemberFunctionAttributes MemberFunctionAttribute: const immutable inout shared FunctionAttribute
FunctionBody: BlockStatement FunctionContractsopt BodyStatement FunctionContracts FunctionContracts: InStatement OutStatementopt OutStatement InStatementopt InStatement: in BlockStatement OutStatement: out BlockStatement out ( Identifier ) BlockStatement BodyStatement: body BlockStatement
Constructor: this Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt ; this Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody ConstructorTemplate ConstructorTemplate: this TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt ; this TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt FunctionBody Destructor: ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ; ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody Postblit: this ( this ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ; this ( this ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody Allocator: new Parameters ; new Parameters FunctionBody Deallocator: delete Parameters ; delete Parameters FunctionBody Invariant: invariant ( ) BlockStatement invariant BlockStatement UnitTest: unittest BlockStatement
StaticConstructor: static this ( ) ; static this ( ) FunctionBody StaticDestructor: static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ; static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody SharedStaticConstructor: shared static this ( ) ; shared static this ( ) FunctionBody SharedStaticDestructor: shared static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ; shared static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
Aggregate
AggregateDeclaration: ClassDeclaration InterfaceDeclaration StructDeclaration UnionDeclaration ClassDeclaration: class Identifier ; class Identifier BaseClassListopt AggregateBody ClassTemplateDeclaration ClassTemplateDeclaration: class Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt BaseClassListopt AggregateBody class Identifier TemplateParameters BaseClassList Constraint AggregateBody InterfaceDeclaration: interface Identifier ; interface Identifier BaseInterfaceListopt AggregateBody InterfaceTemplateDeclaration InterfaceTemplateDeclaration: interface Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt BaseInterfaceListopt AggregateBody interface Identifier TemplateParameters BaseInterfaceList Constraint AggregateBody StructDeclaration: struct Identifier ; struct Identifier AggregateBody StructTemplateDeclaration AnonStructDeclaration StructTemplateDeclaration: struct Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt AggregateBody AnonStructDeclaration: struct AggregateBody UnionDeclaration: union Identifier ; union Identifier AggregateBody UnionTemplateDeclaration AnonUnionDeclaration UnionTemplateDeclaration: union Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt AggregateBody AnonUnionDeclaration: union AggregateBody AggregateBody: { DeclDefsopt }
BaseClassList: : SuperClass : SuperClass , Interfaces : Interfaces BaseInterfaceList: : Interfaces SuperClass: BasicType Interfaces: Interface Interface , Interfaces Interface: BasicType
AliasThis: alias Identifier this ;
Enum
EnumDeclaration: enum Identifier EnumBody enum Identifier : EnumBaseType EnumBody EnumBaseType: Type EnumBody: { EnumMembers } ; EnumMembers: EnumMember EnumMember , EnumMember , EnumMembers EnumMember: Identifier Identifier = AssignExpression AnonymousEnumDeclaration: enum : EnumBaseType { EnumMembers } enum { EnumMembers } enum { AnonymousEnumMembers } AnonymousEnumMembers: AnonymousEnumMember AnonymousEnumMember , AnonymousEnumMember , AnonymousEnumMembers AnonymousEnumMember: EnumMember declaration Type Identifier = AssignExpression
Template
TemplateDeclaration: template Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt { DeclDefsopt } TemplateParameters: ( TemplateParameterListopt ) TemplateParameterList: TemplateParameter TemplateParameter , TemplateParameter , TemplateParameterList TemplateParameter: TemplateTypeParameter TemplateValueParameter TemplateAliasParameter TemplateTupleParameter TemplateThisParameter Constraint: if ( Expression )
TemplateInstance: Identifier TemplateArguments TemplateArguments: ! ( TemplateArgumentListopt ) ! TemplateSingleArgument TemplateArgumentList: TemplateArgument TemplateArgument , TemplateArgument , TemplateArgumentList TemplateArgument: Type AssignExpression Symbol Symbol: SymbolTail . SymbolTail SymbolTail: Identifier Identifier . SymbolTail TemplateInstance TemplateInstance . SymbolTail TemplateSingleArgument: Identifier BasicTypeX CharacterLiteral StringLiteral IntegerLiteral FloatLiteral true false null this SpecialKeyword
TemplateTypeParameter: Identifier Identifier TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization Identifier TemplateTypeParameterDefault Identifier TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization TemplateTypeParameterDefault TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization: : Type TemplateTypeParameterDefault: = Type
TemplateThisParameter: this TemplateTypeParameter
TemplateValueParameter: BasicType Declarator BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterSpecialization BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterDefault BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterSpecialization TemplateValueParameterDefault TemplateValueParameterSpecialization: : ConditionalExpression TemplateValueParameterDefault: = AssignExpression = SpecialKeyword
TemplateAliasParameter: alias Identifier TemplateAliasParameterSpecializationopt TemplateAliasParameterDefaultopt alias BasicType Declarator TemplateAliasParameterSpecializationopt TemplateAliasParameterDefaultopt TemplateAliasParameterSpecialization: : Type : ConditionalExpression TemplateAliasParameterDefault: = Type = ConditionalExpression
TemplateTupleParameter: Identifier ...
TemplateMixinDeclaration: mixin template Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt { DeclDefsopt } TemplateMixin: mixin MixinTemplateName TemplateArgumentsopt Identifieropt ; MixinTemplateName: . QualifiedIdentifierList QualifiedIdentifierList Typeof . QualifiedIdentifierList QualifiedIdentifierList: Identifier Identifier . QualifiedIdentifierList TemplateInstance . QualifiedIdentifierList
Attribute
AttributeSpecifier: Attribute : Attribute DeclarationBlock Attribute: LinkageAttribute AlignAttribute DeprecatedAttribute ProtectionAttribute Pragma static extern abstract final override synchronized auto scope const immutable inout shared __gshared Property nothrow pure ref DeclarationBlock: DeclDef { DeclDefsopt }
LinkageAttribute: extern ( LinkageType ) extern ( C++, IdentifierList ) LinkageType: C C++ D Windows Pascal System
AlignAttribute: align align ( IntegerLiteral )
DeprecatedAttribute: deprecated deprecated ( StringLiteral )
ProtectionAttribute: private package package ( IdentifierList ) protected public export
Property: @ PropertyIdentifier UserDefinedAttribute PropertyIdentifier: property safe trusted system disable nogc UserDefinedAttribute: @ ( ArgumentList ) @ Identifier @ Identifier ( ArgumentListopt ) @ TemplateInstance @ TemplateInstance ( ArgumentListopt )
Pragma: pragma ( Identifier ) pragma ( Identifier , ArgumentList )
Conditional
ConditionalDeclaration: Condition DeclarationBlock Condition DeclarationBlock else DeclarationBlock Condition : DeclDefsopt Condition DeclarationBlock else : DeclDefsopt ConditionalStatement: Condition NoScopeNonEmptyStatement Condition NoScopeNonEmptyStatement else NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
Condition: VersionCondition DebugCondition StaticIfCondition VersionCondition: version ( IntegerLiteral ) version ( Identifier ) version ( unittest ) version ( assert ) DebugCondition: debug debug ( IntegerLiteral ) debug ( Identifier ) StaticIfCondition: static if ( AssignExpression )
VersionSpecification: version = Identifier ; version = IntegerLiteral ; DebugSpecification: debug = Identifier ; debug = IntegerLiteral ;
StaticAssert: static assert ( AssignExpression ); static assert ( AssignExpression , AssignExpression );
Module
Module: ModuleDeclaration DeclDefs DeclDefs DeclDefs: DeclDef DeclDef DeclDefs DeclDef: AttributeSpecifier Declaration Constructor Destructor Postblit Allocator Deallocator Invariant UnitTest AliasThis StaticConstructor StaticDestructor SharedStaticConstructor SharedStaticDestructor ConditionalDeclaration DebugSpecification VersionSpecification StaticAssert TemplateDeclaration TemplateMixinDeclaration TemplateMixin MixinDeclaration ;
ModuleDeclaration: module ModuleFullyQualifiedName ; ModuleFullyQualifiedName: ModuleName Packages . ModuleName ModuleName: Identifier Packages: PackageName Packages . PackageName PackageName: Identifier
ImportDeclaration: import ImportList ; static import ImportList ; ImportList: Import ImportBindings Import , ImportList Import: ModuleFullyQualifiedName ModuleAliasIdentifier = ModuleFullyQualifiedName ImportBindings: Import : ImportBindList ImportBindList: ImportBind ImportBind , ImportBindList ImportBind: Identifier Identifier = Identifier ModuleAliasIdentifier: Identifier
MixinDeclaration: mixin ( AssignExpression ) ;