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Module std.utf

Encode and decode UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 strings.

UTF character support is restricted to '\u0000' <= character <= '\U0010FFFF'.

Category Functions
Decode decode decodeFront
Lazy decode byCodeUnit byChar byWchar byDchar byUTF
Encode encode toUTF8 toUTF16 toUTF32 toUTFz toUTF16z
Length codeLength count stride strideBack
Index toUCSindex toUTFindex
Validation isValidDchar validate
Miscellaneous replacementDchar UseReplacementDchar UTFException

See Also

Wikipedia
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n1335

Functions

NameDescription
byCodeUnit(r) Iterate a range of char, wchar, or dchars by code unit.
codeLength(c) Returns the number of code units that are required to encode the code point c when C is the character type used to encode it.
codeLength(input) Returns the number of code units that are required to encode str in a string whose character type is C. This is particularly useful when slicing one string with the length of another and the two string types use different character types.
count(str) Returns the total number of code points encoded in str.
decode(str, index) Decodes and returns the code point starting at str[index]. index is advanced to one past the decoded code point. If the code point is not well-formed, then a UTFException is thrown and index remains unchanged.
decodeBack(str, numCodeUnits) decodeBack is a variant of decode which specifically decodes the last code point. Unlike decode, decodeBack accepts any bidirectional range of code units (rather than just a string or random access range). It also takes the range by ref and pops off the elements as it decodes them. If numCodeUnits is passed in, it gets set to the number of code units which were in the code point which was decoded.
decodeFront(str, numCodeUnits) decodeFront is a variant of decode which specifically decodes the first code point. Unlike decode, decodeFront accepts any input range of code units (rather than just a string or random access range). It also takes the range by ref and pops off the elements as it decodes them. If numCodeUnits is passed in, it gets set to the number of code units which were in the code point which was decoded.
encode(buf, c) Encodes c into the static array, buf, and returns the actual length of the encoded character (a number between 1 and 4 for char[4] buffers and a number between 1 and 2 for wchar[2] buffers).
encode(str, c) Encodes c in str's encoding and appends it to str.
isValidDchar(c) Check whether the given Unicode code point is valid.
stride(str, index) Calculate the length of the UTF sequence starting at index in str.
strideBack(str, index) Calculate the length of the UTF sequence ending one code unit before index in str.
toUCSindex(str, index) Given index into str and assuming that index is at the start of a UTF sequence, toUCSindex determines the number of UCS characters up to index. So, index is the index of a code unit at the beginning of a code point, and the return value is how many code points into the string that that code point is.
toUTF16(s) Encodes the elements of s to UTF-16 and returns a newly GC allocated wstring of the elements.
toUTF16z(str) toUTF16z is a convenience function for toUTFz!(const(wchar)*).
toUTF32(s) Encodes the elements of s to UTF-32 and returns a newly GC allocated dstring of the elements.
toUTF8(s) Encodes the elements of s to UTF-8 and returns a newly allocated string of the elements.
toUTFindex(str, n) Given a UCS index n into str, returns the UTF index. So, n is how many code points into the string the code point is, and the array index of the code unit is returned.
validate(str) Checks to see if str is well-formed unicode or not.

Classes

NameDescription
UTFException Exception thrown on errors in std.utf functions.

Templates

NameDescription
toUTFz Returns a C-style zero-terminated string equivalent to str. str must not contain embedded '\0''s as any C function will treat the first '\0' that it sees as the end of the string. If str.empty is true, then a string containing only '\0' is returned.

Manifest constants

NameTypeDescription
replacementDchar Inserted in place of invalid UTF sequences.

Aliases

NameTypeDescription
byChar Iterate an input range of characters by char, wchar, or dchar. These aliases simply forward to byUTF with the corresponding C argument.
byDchar Iterate an input range of characters by char, wchar, or dchar. These aliases simply forward to byUTF with the corresponding C argument.
byUTF byUTF!(Unqual!C) Iterate an input range of characters by char type C by encoding the elements of the range.
byWchar Iterate an input range of characters by char, wchar, or dchar. These aliases simply forward to byUTF with the corresponding C argument.
UseReplacementDchar Flag!("useReplacementDchar") Whether or not to replace invalid UTF with replacementDchar

Authors

Walter Bright and Jonathan M Davis

License

Boost License 1.0.