dmd.expression

inout(Expression) firstComma(inout Expression e);

Find the first non-comma expression.

Parameters:

Expression e

Expressions connected by commas

Returns:

left-most non-comma expression

inout(Expression) lastComma(inout Expression e);

Find the last non-comma expression.

Parameters:

Expression e

Expressions connected by commas

Returns:

right-most non-comma expression

Expression getRightThis(ref const Loc loc, Scope* sc, AggregateDeclaration ad, Expression e1, Declaration var, int flag = 0);

Given var, get the right this pointer if var is in an outer class, but our existing this pointer is in an inner class.

Parameters:

Loc loc	location to use for error messages
Scope* sc	context
AggregateDeclaration ad	struct or class we need the correct this for
Expression e1	existing this
Declaration var	the specific member of ad we're accessing
int flag	if true, return null instead of throwing an error

Returns:

Expression representing the this for the var

Expression resolve(ref const Loc loc, Scope* sc, Dsymbol s, bool hasOverloads);

Resolve a symbol s and wraps it in an expression object.

Parameters:

Loc loc	location of use of s
Scope* sc	context
Dsymbol s	symbol to resolve
bool hasOverloads	applies if s represents a function. true means it's overloaded and will be resolved later, false means it's the exact function symbol.

Returns:

s turned into an expression, ErrorExp if an error occurred

FuncDeclaration hasThis(Scope* sc);

Determine if this is available by walking up the enclosing scopes until a function is found.

Parameters:

Scope* sc

where to start looking for the enclosing function

Returns:

Found function if it satisfies isThis(), otherwise null

bool isNeedThisScope(Scope* sc, Declaration d);

Determine if a this is needed to access d.

Parameters:

Scope* sc	context
Declaration d	declaration to check

Returns:

true means a this is needed

Expression resolvePropertiesOnly(Scope* sc, Expression e1);

If e1 is a property function (template), resolve it.

bool isDotOpDispatch(Expression e);

check e is exp.opDispatch!(tiargs) or not It's used to switch to UFCS the semantic analysis path

Expression resolveUFCS(Scope* sc, CallExp ce);

Pull out callable entity with UFCS.

Expression resolveUFCSProperties(Scope* sc, Expression e1, Expression e2 = null);

Pull out property with UFCS.

bool arrayExpressionSemantic(Expressions* exps, Scope* sc, bool preserveErrors = false);

Perform semantic() on an array of Expressions.

void expandTuples(Expressions* exps);

Expand tuples.

Input exps aray of Expressions

Output exps rewritten in place

TupleDeclaration isAliasThisTuple(Expression e);

Expand alias this tuples.

TemplateDeclaration getFuncTemplateDecl(Dsymbol s);

If s is a function template, i.e. the only member of a template and that member is a function, return that template.

Parameters:

Dsymbol s

symbol that might be a function template

Returns:

template for that function, otherwise null

Expression valueNoDtor(Expression e);

If we want the value of this expression, but do not want to call the destructor on it.

Expression doCopyOrMove(Scope* sc, Expression e);

Handle the postblit call on lvalue, or the move of rvalue.

struct UnionExp;

int RealEquals(real_t x1, real_t x2);

Test to see if two reals are the same. Regard NaN's as equivalent. Regard +0 and -0 as different.

DotIdExp typeDotIdExp(ref const Loc loc, Type type, Identifier ident);

TypeDotIdExp

Expression resolveOpDollar(Scope* sc, ArrayExp ae, Expression* pe0);

Runs semantic on ae.arguments. Declares temporary variables if '$' was used.

Expression resolveOpDollar(Scope* sc, ArrayExp ae, IntervalExp ie, Expression* pe0);

Runs semantic on se.lwr and se.upr. Declares a temporary variable if '$' was used.

StringExp semanticString(Scope* sc, Expression exp, const char* s);

Resolve exp as a compile-time known string.

Parameters:

Scope* sc	scope
Expression exp	Expression which expected as a string
char* s	What the string is expected for, will be used in error diagnostic.

Returns:

String literal, or null if error happens.

VarDeclaration expToVariable(Expression e);

Given an Expression, find the variable it really is.

For example, a[index] is really a, and s.f is really s.

Parameters:

Expression e

Expression to look at

Returns:

variable if there is one, null if not

abstract class Expression: dmd.root.rootobject.RootObject;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#expression

final Expression copy();

Does *not* do a deep copy.

static Expression combine(Expression e1, Expression e2);

Combine e1 and e2 by CommaExp if both are not NULL.

static Expression extractLast(Expression e, Expression* pe0);

If 'e' is a tree of commas, returns the leftmost expression by stripping off it from the tree. The remained part of the tree is returned via *pe0. Otherwise 'e' is directly returned and *pe0 is set to NULL.

bool isLvalue();

Return !=0 if expression is an lvalue.

Expression toLvalue(Scope* sc, Expression e);

Give error if we're not an lvalue. If we can, convert expression to be an lvalue.

Expression resolveLoc(ref const Loc loc, Scope* sc);

Resolve __FILE__, __LINE__, __MODULE__, __FUNCTION__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, _FILE_FULL_PATH__ to loc.

bool checkType();

Check that the expression has a valid type. If not, generates an error "... has no type".

Returns:

true if the expression is not valid.

Note When this function returns true, checkValue() should also return true.

bool checkValue();

Check that the expression has a valid value. If not, generates an error "... has no value".

Returns:

true if the expression is not valid or has void type.

final bool checkPurity(Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration f);

Calling function f. Check the purity, i.e. if we're in a pure function we can only call other pure functions. Returns true if error occurs.

final bool checkPurity(Scope* sc, VarDeclaration v);

Accessing variable v. Check for purity and safety violations. Returns true if error occurs.

final bool checkSafety(Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration f);

Calling function f. Check the safety, i.e. if we're in a @safe function we can only call @safe or @trusted functions. Returns true if error occurs.

final bool checkNogc(Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration f);

Calling function f. Check the @nogc-ness, i.e. if we're in a @nogc function we can only call other @nogc functions. Returns true if error occurs.

final bool checkPostblit(Scope* sc, Type t);

Check that the postblit is callable if t is an array of structs. Returns true if error happens.

final bool checkReadModifyWrite(TOK rmwOp, Expression ex = null);

Check whether the expression allows RMW operations, error with rmw operator diagnostic if not. ex is the RHS expression, or NULL if ++/-- is used (for diagnostics) Returns true if error occurs.

int checkModifiable(Scope* sc, int flag = 0);

Parameters sc: scope flag: 1: do not issue error message for invalid modification

Returns:

0: is not modifiable 1: is modifiable in default == being related to type.isMutable() 2: is modifiable, because this is a part of initializing.

Expression toBoolean(Scope* sc);

If expression can be tested for true or false, returns the modified expression. Otherwise returns ErrorExp.

Expression addDtorHook(Scope* sc);

Destructors are attached to VarDeclarations. Hence, if expression returns a temp that needs a destructor, make sure and create a VarDeclaration for that temp.

final Expression addressOf();

Take address of expression.

final Expression deref();

If this is a reference, dereference it.

bool isBool(bool result);

Does this expression statically evaluate to a boolean 'result' (true or false)?

class IntegerExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class ErrorExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Use this expression for error recovery. It should behave as a 'sink' to prevent further cascaded error messages.

class RealExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class ComplexExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class IdentifierExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class DollarExp: dmd.expression.IdentifierExp;

class DsymbolExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Won't be generated by parser.

class ThisExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#this

class SuperExp: dmd.expression.ThisExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#super

class NullExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#null

class StringExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#string_literals

final const size_t numberOfCodeUnits(int tynto = 0);

Return the number of code units the string would be if it were re-encoded as tynto.

Parameters:

int tynto

code unit type of the target encoding

Returns:

number of code units

const void writeTo(void* dest, bool zero, int tyto = 0);

Write the contents of the string to dest. Use numberOfCodeUnits() to determine size of result.

Parameters:

void* dest	destination
int tyto	encoding type of the result
bool zero	add terminating 0

final const pure dchar getCodeUnit(size_t i);

Get the code unit at index i

Parameters:

size_t i

index

Returns:

code unit at index i

final void setCodeUnit(size_t i, dchar c);

Set the code unit at index i to c

Parameters:

size_t i	index
dchar c	code unit to set it to

char* toPtr();

If the string data is UTF-8 and can be accessed directly, return a pointer to it. Do not assume a terminating 0.

Returns:

pointer to string data if possible, null if not

StringExp toUTF8(Scope* sc);

Convert string to char[].

final const const(char)[] toStringz();

Convert string contents to a 0 terminated string, allocated by mem.xmalloc().

class TupleExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class ArrayLiteralExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

[ e1, e2, e3, ... ]

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#array_literals

Expression basis;

If !is null, elements[] can be sparse and basis is used for the "default" element value. In other words, non-null elements[i] overrides this 'basis' value.

static Expressions* copyElements(Expression e1, Expression e2 = null);

Copy element Expressions in the parameters when they're ArrayLiteralExps.

Parameters:

Expression e1	If it's ArrayLiteralExp, its elements will be copied. Otherwise, e1 itself will be pushed into the new Expressions.
Expression e2	If it's not null, it will be pushed/appended to the new Expressions by the same way with e1.

Returns:

Newly allocated Expressions. Note that it points to the original Expression values in e1 and e2.

class AssocArrayLiteralExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

[ key0 : value0, key1 : value1, ... ]

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#associative_array_literals

enum int stageScrub;

scrubReturnValue is running

enum int stageSearchPointers;

hasNonConstPointers is running

enum int stageOptimize;

optimize is running

enum int stageApply;

apply is running

enum int stageInlineScan;

inlineScan is running

enum int stageToCBuffer;

toCBuffer is running

class StructLiteralExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

sd( e1, e2, e3, ... )

StructDeclaration sd;

which aggregate this is for

Expressions* elements;

parallels sd.fields[] with null entries for fields to skip

Type stype;

final type of result (can be different from sd's type)

bool useStaticInit;

if this is true, use the StructDeclaration's init symbol

Symbol* sym;

back end symbol to initialize with literal

StructLiteralExp origin;

pointer to the origin instance of the expression. once a new expression is created, origin is set to 'this'. anytime when an expression copy is created, 'origin' pointer is set to 'origin' pointer value of the original expression.

StructLiteralExp inlinecopy;

those fields need to prevent a infinite recursion when one field of struct initialized with 'this' pointer.

int stageflags;

anytime when recursive function is calling, 'stageflags' marks with bit flag of current stage and unmarks before return from this function. 'inlinecopy' uses similar 'stageflags' and from multiple evaluation 'doInline' (with infinite recursion) of this expression.

Expression getField(Type type, uint offset);

Gets expression at offset of type. Returns NULL if not found.

int getFieldIndex(Type type, uint offset);

Get index of field. Returns -1 if not found.

class TypeExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Mainly just a placeholder

class ScopeExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Mainly just a placeholder of Package, Module, Nspace, and TemplateInstance (including TemplateMixin)

A template instance that requires IFTI: foo!tiargs(fargs) // foo!tiargs is left until CallExp::semantic() or resolveProperties()

class TemplateExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Mainly just a placeholder

class NewExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

thisexp.new(newargs) newtype(arguments)

class NewAnonClassExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

thisexp.new(newargs) class baseclasses { } (arguments)

class SymbolExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class SymOffExp: dmd.expression.SymbolExp;

Offset from symbol

class VarExp: dmd.expression.SymbolExp;

Variable

class OverExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Overload Set

class FuncExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Function/Delegate literal

class DeclarationExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Declaration of a symbol

D grammar allows declarations only as statements. However in AST representation it can be part of any expression. This is used, for example, during internal syntax re-writes to inject hidden symbols.

class TypeidExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

typeid(int)

class TraitsExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

_traits(identifier, args...)

class HaltExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class IsExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

is(targ id tok tspec) is(targ id == tok2)

class UnaExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

final Expression incompatibleTypes();

The type for a unary expression is incompatible. Print error message.

Returns:

ErrorExp

final void setNoderefOperand();

Mark the operand as will never be dereferenced, which is useful info for @safe checks. Do before semantic() on operands rewrites them.

abstract class BinExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

final Expression incompatibleTypes();

The types for a binary expression are incompatible. Print error message.

Returns:

ErrorExp

final void setNoderefOperands();

Mark the operands as will never be dereferenced, which is useful info for @safe checks. Do before semantic() on operands rewrites them.

class BinAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class CompileExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class ImportExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class AssertExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

https://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#assert_expressions

class DotIdExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class DotTemplateExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

Mainly just a placeholder

class DotVarExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class DotTemplateInstanceExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

foo.bar!(args)

class DelegateExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class DotTypeExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class CallExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

this(ref const Loc loc, FuncDeclaration fd, Expression earg1);

Instatiates a new function call expression

Parameters:

Loc loc	location
FuncDeclaration fd	the declaration of the function to call
Expression earg1	the function argument

static CallExp create(Loc loc, FuncDeclaration fd, Expression earg1);

Creates a new function call expression

Parameters:

Loc loc	location
FuncDeclaration fd	the declaration of the function to call
Expression earg1	the function argument

class AddrExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class PtrExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class NegExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class UAddExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class ComExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class NotExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class DeleteExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class CastExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

Possible to cast to one type while painting to another type

class VectorExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class SliceExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

e1 [lwr .. upr]

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#slice_expressions

this(ref const Loc loc, Expression e1, IntervalExp ie);

class ArrayLengthExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

static Expression rewriteOpAssign(BinExp exp);

Rewrite array.length op= e2 as: array.length = array.length op e2 or: auto tmp = &array; (*tmp).length = (*tmp).length op e2

class ArrayExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

e1 [ a0, a1, a2, a3 ,... ]

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#index_expressions

class DotExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class CommaExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

const bool isGenerated;

This is needed because AssignExp rewrites CommaExp, hence it needs to trigger the deprecation.

bool allowCommaExp;

Temporary variable to enable / disable deprecation of comma expression depending on the context. Since most constructor calls are rewritting, the only place where false will be passed will be from the parser.

static void allow(Expression exp);

If the argument is a CommaExp, set a flag to prevent deprecation messages

It's impossible to know from CommaExp.semantic if the result will be used, hence when there is a result (type != void), a deprecation message is always emitted. However, some construct can produce a result but won't use it (ExpStatement and for loop increment). Those should call this function to prevent unwanted deprecations to be emitted.

Parameters:

Expression exp

An expression that discards its result. If the argument is null or not a CommaExp, nothing happens.

class IntervalExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Mainly just a placeholder

class DelegateFuncptrExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

class IndexExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

e1 [ e2 ]

class PostExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

For both i++ and i--

class PreExp: dmd.expression.UnaExp;

For both ++i and --i

class AssignExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

this(ref const Loc loc, Expression e1, Expression e2);

class ConstructExp: dmd.expression.AssignExp;

class BlitExp: dmd.expression.AssignExp;

class AddAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class MinAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class MulAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class DivAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class ModAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class AndAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class OrAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class XorAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class PowAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class ShlAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class ShrAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class UshrAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

class CatAssignExp: dmd.expression.BinAssignExp;

The ~= operator. It can have one of the following operators:

TOK.concatenateAssign - appending T[] to T[] TOK.concatenateElemAssign - appending T to T[] TOK.concatenateDcharAssign - appending dchar to T[]

The parser initially sets it to TOK.concatenateAssign, and semantic() later decides which of the three it will be set to.

class AddExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#add_expressions

class MinExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class CatExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#cat_expressions

class MulExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#mul_expressions

class DivExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#mul_expressions

class ModExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#mul_expressions

class PowExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#pow_expressions

class ShlExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class ShrExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class UshrExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class AndExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class OrExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class XorExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class LogicalExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#andand_expressions http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#oror_expressions

class CmpExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

op is one of: TOK.lessThan, TOK.lessOrEqual, TOK.greaterThan, TOK.greaterOrEqual, TOK.unord, TOK.lg, TOK.leg, TOK.ule, TOK.ul, TOK.uge, TOK.ug, TOK.ue

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#relation_expressions

class InExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

class RemoveExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

This deletes the key e1 from the associative array e2

class EqualExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

== and !=

TOK.equal and TOK.notEqual

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#equality_expressions

class IdentityExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

is and !is

TOK.identity and TOK.notIdentity

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#identity_expressions

class CondExp: dmd.expression.BinExp;

econd ? e1 : e2

http://dlang.org/spec/expression.html#conditional_expressions

class DefaultInitExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

class FileInitExp: dmd.expression.DefaultInitExp;

class LineInitExp: dmd.expression.DefaultInitExp;

class ModuleInitExp: dmd.expression.DefaultInitExp;

class FuncInitExp: dmd.expression.DefaultInitExp;

class PrettyFuncInitExp: dmd.expression.DefaultInitExp;

class ObjcClassReferenceExp: dmd.expression.Expression;

Objective-C class reference expression.

Used to get the metaclass of an Objective-C class, NSObject.Class.